Difference between Hastelloy and Monel alloy
Stronger than steel, monel is a malleable, highly corrosion resistant material. In addition to superior resistance to alkali media, this alloy group has good resistance to highly corrosive acids for instance – hydrofluoric and sulfuric acid. And because monel contains a higher content of copper, they serve marine engineering applications really well. The content of copper also imparts some resistance to biofouling, which is why monel components work well in brine solutions. On the other hand, Hastelloys exhibit Good resistance to acidic solutions. These corrosive acids include solutions of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid as well as chromic acid. In particular, the resistance of these alloys to sulfuric acid is an important contribution to processing based industries, as very few alloys exhibit good resistance to this acid. Another vital characteristic of the alloy is its excellent resistance to stress related corrosion cracking. And because the content of nickel is high, the material could be used at elevated temperatures. The addition of chromium to Hastelloy improves its resistance to oxidation corrosion, while also making these alloys resilient to uniform attack as well as localized corrosion resistance.
Difference between Hastelloy and monel material price
Unlike Hastelloy which contains several other elements in its chemical composition, most monel alloys contain nickel between 60% to 70% in their chemistry. Since the cost of nickel is volatile, and the metal is a commodity, the value of nickel, as a metal is considered to be high. In comparison to monel, Hastelloy has lesser nickel in its chemistry, which makes monel the more expensive metal in comparison to the former.
Nickel content in Hastelloy and monel
Although both Hastelloy and monel contain nickel in their alloys, the addition of this element in their chemistry varies. While the monel alloys contain about 30% to 40% copper added in their alloy, the content of nickel ranges between 60% to 70%, depending on the monel grade manufactured. Whereas Hastelloy contains significant additions of elements such as ferrous or iron, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, and tungsten, the remaining percentage of nickel is added to the alloys that it is intended to be manufactured. Therefore, the content of some hastelloys is lower than monel.
How to Identify Hastelloy and monel?
While metals tend to be similar to each other in terms of appearance, one of the most effective methods to identify both alloys is to obtain a mill test report or a material test report. In most cases, manufacturers are able to procure an MTR or a mill test report for the buying party, as a means of assuring the quality of the product. Generally, a material test report chronicles a detailed test report of the elemental composition of the material as well as its mechanical or physical properties.
Hastelloy and monel melting point
It is typical to note that several alloys do not have a single melting point, but, unlike pure metals, these alloys exhibit a melting range or a melting point. During this temperature range, the material or alloy is a mixture of both solid and liquid phases. This mixture of phases is referred to as a slush. The melting point of most Monel alloys is around a temperature of 2460 °F. While the melting point of Hastelloy grades is slightly higher ranging at about 2550 °F.
Hastelloy and monel yield strength
Yield Strength of a material is calculated as the stress the metal, or in this case, alloys can withstand without permanent deformation or a limit at which the said material will cease to return to its original dimensions, which is about 0.2% of its length. The yield strength at 0.2% Offset of various Hastelloy grades ranges between 310 Mpa to about 355 Mpa. Whereas, for monel alloys, the yield strength at 0.2% Offset could range anywhere between 240 Mpa to about 790 Mpa.
Monel and Hastelloy ultimate tensile strength
Unlike the yield strength that is calculated at 0.2% offset, the tensile strength of a material is the maximum stress which the alloy can endure while it is being stretched or pulled prior to either failure or break. The tensile strength of Monel alloys falls between a range of 550 Mpa to about 1100 Mpa. And in comparison to monel, the tensile strength of several Hastelloy grades falls in between the range of 690 Mpa to about 783 Mpa.
Monel equivalent grade
| ALLOY | WERKSTOFF NR. (WNR) | UNS | AFNOR | GOST | BS | JIS | EN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monel 400 | 2.4360 | N04400 | NU-30M | МНЖМц 28-2,5-1,5 | NA 13 | NW 4400 | NiCu30Fe |
| Monel 404 | 2.4867 | N04404 | |||||
| Monel 405 | N04404 | ||||||
| Monel K500 | 2.4375 | N05500 |
Monel chemical compatibility chart
| ALLOY | ASTM/ AISI | UNS | %Al | %Cu | %Mn | %Ni | %Ti | %Fe | %Si |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monel 400 | B 127, B 164 | N04400 | 28-34 | 2.0 max | 63 min | 2.5 max | 0.5 max | ||
| Monel 401 | N04401 | 28-34 | 2.0 max | 63 min | 2.5 max | ||||
| Monel 404 | N04404 | 0.05 max | Rem | 0.1 max | 52-57 | 0.5 max | 0.1 max | ||
| Monel K-500 | B 865 | N05500 | 2.3-3.15 | 27-33 | 1.5 max | 63 min | 0.35-0.85 | 2.0 max | 0.5 max |
| Monel 405 | B 164 | N04405 | 28-34 | 2.0 max | 63 min | 2.5 max | 0.5 max |
Monel yield and tensile strength
| ALLOY | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Density | Melting Point | Elongation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monel 400 | Psi – 80000 , MPa – 550 | Psi – 35000 , MPa – 240 | 8.8 g/cm3 | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | 40 % |
| Monel 404 | 70 KSI min (483 MPA min) | 25 KSI min (172 MPA min) | 8.91 gm/cm3 | 1300 – 1350℃ | 35 % |
| Monel 405 | 550 Mpa | 240 Mpa | 8.80 g/cm3 | 1300 – 1350°C | 40 % |
| Monel K500 | Psi – 160000 , MPa – 1100 | Psi – 115000 , MPa – 790 | 8.44 g/cm3 | 1350 °C (2460 °F) | 20 % |
Hastelloy material grades
- HASTELLOY B2 ®
- HASTELLOY C ®
- HASTELLOY C276 ®
- HASTELLOY N ®
- HASTELLOY S ®
- HASTELLOY W ®
- HASTELLOY X ®
Hastelloy equivalent
| STANDARD | WERKSTOFF NR. | UNS | GOST | AFNOR | JIS | OR | EN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hastelloy C22 | 2.4602 | N06022 | – | – | NW 6022 | – | NiCr21Mo14W |
| Hastelloy C276 | 2.4819 | N10276 | ХН65МВУ | – | NW 0276 | ЭП760 | NiMo16Cr15W |
| Hastelloy B2 | 2.4617 | N10665 | |||||
| Hastelloy B3 | 2.4600 | N10675 | |||||
| Hastelloy C4 | 2.4610 | N06455 | |||||
| Hastelloy C-22HS | – | N07022 | |||||
| Hastelloy C2000 | 2.4675 | N06200 | |||||
| Hastelloy Hybrid BC1 | 2.4708 | N10362 | |||||
| Hastelloy X | 2.4665 | N06002 |
Hastelloy mechanical properties
| Density | Melting Point | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C22 | 8.69 g/cm3 | 1399 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 1,00,000 , MPa – 690 | Psi – 45000 , MPa – 310 | 45 % |
| C276 | 8.89 g/cm33 | 1370 °C (2500 °F) | Psi – 1,15,000 , MPa – 790 | Psi – 52,000 , MPa – 355 | 40% |
| B2 | 9.2 g/cm3 | 1370 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 1,15,000 , MPa –760 | Psi – 52,000 , MPa – 350 | 40% |
| B3 | 9.2 g/cm3 | 1370 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 1,15,000 , MPa –760 | Psi – 52,000 , MPa – 350 | 40% |
| C4 | 8.64 g/cm3 | 1350-1400 °C | 783 | 365 | 55% |
| Hybrid BC1 | 8.83 g/cm³ | 1343 – 1443°C | 725 | 310 | 40% |
| X | 8.22 g/cm³ | 1355°C | 655 MPa | 240 MPa | 35% |
Hastelloy chemical compatibility
| Material / Purity (%): | C-276 | C-22 |
| Ni | 57.0 | 56.0 |
| Co | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| Cr | 15.5 | 22.0 |
| Mo | 16.0 | 13.0 |
| W | 4.00 | 3.00 |
| Fe | 5.50 | 3.00 |
| Si | 0.080 | 0.080 |
| Mn | 1.000 | 0.500 |
| P | 0.025 | 0.010 |
| S | 0.010 | 0.020 |
| V | 0.350 | 0.350 |